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0x6CF5C12040688BB09Adf9996A60cf55A3B1C1951

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0 ETH

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$0.00

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Transaction Hash
Block
From
To
Purchase Credits4097624732025-12-12 6:04:0350 days ago1765519443IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000000890.013117
Transfer Ownersh...3967541952025-11-04 15:46:5887 days ago1762271218IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000001360.041344
Withdraw3967502802025-11-04 15:30:4387 days ago1762270243IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000003220.063407
Withdraw3967499502025-11-04 15:29:2187 days ago1762270161IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000004190.075653
Purchase Credits3967221092025-11-04 13:33:3887 days ago1762263218IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000001050.019747
Purchase Credits3880699522025-10-10 13:24:36112 days ago1760102676IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000001720.024808
Withdraw3856030752025-10-03 10:22:42119 days ago1759486962IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000000510.01
Purchase Credits3856025132025-10-03 10:20:21119 days ago1759486821IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000000690.01
Withdraw3817841352025-09-22 9:40:05131 days ago1758534005IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000000570.01112
Purchase Credits3817793172025-09-22 9:20:03131 days ago1758532803IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000000710.01
Withdraw3808156402025-09-19 14:26:11133 days ago1758291971IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000000550.01
Purchase Credits3804441302025-09-18 12:38:53134 days ago1758199133IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000000830.01
Withdraw3804418692025-09-18 12:29:27134 days ago1758198567IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000000810.01
Purchase Credits3804416472025-09-18 12:28:32134 days ago1758198512IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.00000090.01
Withdraw3804409132025-09-18 12:25:29134 days ago1758198329IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000000770.01
Purchase Credits3804389902025-09-18 12:17:28134 days ago1758197848IN
0x6CF5C120...A3B1C1951
0 ETH0.000000860.01

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Contract Source Code Verified (Exact Match)

Contract Name:
CreditsExchange

Compiler Version
v0.8.28+commit.7893614a

Optimization Enabled:
No with 200 runs

Other Settings:
cancun EvmVersion
// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
pragma solidity 0.8.28;

import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import { Address } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol";

contract CreditsExchange is Ownable {
    /// @dev SafeERC20 is a wrapper around IERC20 that reverts if the transfer fails
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /// @dev The address of the USDC token that is used to purchase credits
    IERC20 public immutable usdc;

    /**
     * @notice Emitted on credits purchase
     * @param buyer The address of the buyer
     * @param amount The amount of credits
     * @param timestamp The timestamp of the purchase
     */
    event CreditsPurchased(address buyer, uint256 amount, uint256 timestamp);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when a tokens (ERC20 and native) is withdrawn from the contract
     * @notice To withdraw native tokens, set `token` to `address(0)`
     * @dev Callable only by the owner
     * @param token The address of the token
     * @param amount The amount of the token
     * @param recipient The address of the recipient
     */
    event Withdrawn(address token, uint256 amount, address recipient);

    /// @dev Revert if the address is the zero address
    error ZeroAddress();

    /// @dev Revert if the amount is zero
    error ZeroAmount();

    /// @dev Function to receive ETH
    receive() external payable { }

    /**
     * @notice Constructor
     * @param _initialOwner The address of the initial owner
     * @param _usdc The address of the USDC token
     */
    constructor(address _initialOwner, address _usdc) Ownable(_initialOwner) {
        require(_usdc != address(0), ZeroAddress());

        usdc = IERC20(_usdc);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Purchases credits
     * @dev Emits a CreditsPurchased event
     * @param amount The amount of credits to be purchased
     */
    function purchaseCredits(uint256 amount) external {
        require(amount > 0, ZeroAmount());

        emit CreditsPurchased(msg.sender, amount, block.timestamp);

        usdc.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Withdraws tokens from the contract
     * @dev To withdraw native tokens, set `token` to `address(0)`
     * @dev Callable only by the owner
     * @dev Emits a Withdrawn event
     * @param token The address of the token to be withdrawn
     * @param amount The amount of the token to be withdrawn
     * @param recipient The address of the recipient
     */
    function withdraw(address token, uint256 amount, address recipient) external onlyOwner {
        require(recipient != address(0), ZeroAddress());

        if (token == address(0)) {
            Address.sendValue(payable(recipient), amount);
        } else {
            IERC20(token).safeTransfer(recipient, amount);
        }

        emit Withdrawn(token, amount, recipient);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.4.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity >=0.4.16;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-20 standard as defined in the ERC.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Context} from "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
 * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    /**
     * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
     */
    error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);

    /**
     * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
     */
    error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor(address initialOwner) {
        if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
            revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        if (newOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.3.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
import {IERC1363} from "../../../interfaces/IERC1363.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC-20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev An operation with an ERC-20 token failed.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedOperation(address token);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failed `decreaseAllowance` request.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 currentAllowance, uint256 requestedDecrease);

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        if (!_safeTransfer(token, to, value, true)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        if (!_safeTransferFrom(token, from, to, value, true)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {safeTransfer} that returns a bool instead of reverting if the operation is not successful.
     */
    function trySafeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _safeTransfer(token, to, value, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {safeTransferFrom} that returns a bool instead of reverting if the operation is not successful.
     */
    function trySafeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _safeTransferFrom(token, from, to, value, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: If the token implements ERC-7674 (ERC-20 with temporary allowance), and if the "client"
     * smart contract uses ERC-7674 to set temporary allowances, then the "client" smart contract should avoid using
     * this function. Performing a {safeIncreaseAllowance} or {safeDecreaseAllowance} operation on a token contract
     * that has a non-zero temporary allowance (for that particular owner-spender) will result in unexpected behavior.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        forceApprove(token, spender, oldAllowance + value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `requestedDecrease`. If `token` returns no
     * value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: If the token implements ERC-7674 (ERC-20 with temporary allowance), and if the "client"
     * smart contract uses ERC-7674 to set temporary allowances, then the "client" smart contract should avoid using
     * this function. Performing a {safeIncreaseAllowance} or {safeDecreaseAllowance} operation on a token contract
     * that has a non-zero temporary allowance (for that particular owner-spender) will result in unexpected behavior.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 requestedDecrease) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            if (currentAllowance < requestedDecrease) {
                revert SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, requestedDecrease);
            }
            forceApprove(token, spender, currentAllowance - requestedDecrease);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     *
     * NOTE: If the token implements ERC-7674, this function will not modify any temporary allowance. This function
     * only sets the "standard" allowance. Any temporary allowance will remain active, in addition to the value being
     * set here.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        if (!_safeApprove(token, spender, value, false)) {
            if (!_safeApprove(token, spender, 0, true)) revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
            if (!_safeApprove(token, spender, value, true)) revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs an {ERC1363} transferAndCall, with a fallback to the simple {ERC20} transfer if the target has no
     * code. This can be used to implement an {ERC721}-like safe transfer that rely on {ERC1363} checks when
     * targeting contracts.
     *
     * Reverts if the returned value is other than `true`.
     */
    function transferAndCallRelaxed(IERC1363 token, address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal {
        if (to.code.length == 0) {
            safeTransfer(token, to, value);
        } else if (!token.transferAndCall(to, value, data)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs an {ERC1363} transferFromAndCall, with a fallback to the simple {ERC20} transferFrom if the target
     * has no code. This can be used to implement an {ERC721}-like safe transfer that rely on {ERC1363} checks when
     * targeting contracts.
     *
     * Reverts if the returned value is other than `true`.
     */
    function transferFromAndCallRelaxed(
        IERC1363 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal {
        if (to.code.length == 0) {
            safeTransferFrom(token, from, to, value);
        } else if (!token.transferFromAndCall(from, to, value, data)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs an {ERC1363} approveAndCall, with a fallback to the simple {ERC20} approve if the target has no
     * code. This can be used to implement an {ERC721}-like safe transfer that rely on {ERC1363} checks when
     * targeting contracts.
     *
     * NOTE: When the recipient address (`to`) has no code (i.e. is an EOA), this function behaves as {forceApprove}.
     * Opposedly, when the recipient address (`to`) has code, this function only attempts to call {ERC1363-approveAndCall}
     * once without retrying, and relies on the returned value to be true.
     *
     * Reverts if the returned value is other than `true`.
     */
    function approveAndCallRelaxed(IERC1363 token, address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal {
        if (to.code.length == 0) {
            forceApprove(token, to, value);
        } else if (!token.approveAndCall(to, value, data)) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity `token.transfer(to, value)` call, relaxing the requirement on the return value: the
     * return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     *
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param to The recipient of the tokens
     * @param value The amount of token to transfer
     * @param bubble Behavior switch if the transfer call reverts: bubble the revert reason or return a false boolean.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value, bool bubble) private returns (bool success) {
        bytes4 selector = IERC20.transfer.selector;

        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let fmp := mload(0x40)
            mstore(0x00, selector)
            mstore(0x04, and(to, shr(96, not(0))))
            mstore(0x24, value)
            success := call(gas(), token, 0, 0, 0x44, 0, 0x20)
            // if call success and return is true, all is good.
            // otherwise (not success or return is not true), we need to perform further checks
            if iszero(and(success, eq(mload(0x00), 1))) {
                // if the call was a failure and bubble is enabled, bubble the error
                if and(iszero(success), bubble) {
                    returndatacopy(fmp, 0, returndatasize())
                    revert(fmp, returndatasize())
                }
                // if the return value is not true, then the call is only successful if:
                // - the token address has code
                // - the returndata is empty
                success := and(success, and(iszero(returndatasize()), gt(extcodesize(token), 0)))
            }
            mstore(0x40, fmp)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity `token.transferFrom(from, to, value)` call, relaxing the requirement on the return
     * value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     *
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param from The sender of the tokens
     * @param to The recipient of the tokens
     * @param value The amount of token to transfer
     * @param bubble Behavior switch if the transfer call reverts: bubble the revert reason or return a false boolean.
     */
    function _safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value,
        bool bubble
    ) private returns (bool success) {
        bytes4 selector = IERC20.transferFrom.selector;

        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let fmp := mload(0x40)
            mstore(0x00, selector)
            mstore(0x04, and(from, shr(96, not(0))))
            mstore(0x24, and(to, shr(96, not(0))))
            mstore(0x44, value)
            success := call(gas(), token, 0, 0, 0x64, 0, 0x20)
            // if call success and return is true, all is good.
            // otherwise (not success or return is not true), we need to perform further checks
            if iszero(and(success, eq(mload(0x00), 1))) {
                // if the call was a failure and bubble is enabled, bubble the error
                if and(iszero(success), bubble) {
                    returndatacopy(fmp, 0, returndatasize())
                    revert(fmp, returndatasize())
                }
                // if the return value is not true, then the call is only successful if:
                // - the token address has code
                // - the returndata is empty
                success := and(success, and(iszero(returndatasize()), gt(extcodesize(token), 0)))
            }
            mstore(0x40, fmp)
            mstore(0x60, 0)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity `token.approve(spender, value)` call, relaxing the requirement on the return value:
     * the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     *
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param spender The spender of the tokens
     * @param value The amount of token to transfer
     * @param bubble Behavior switch if the transfer call reverts: bubble the revert reason or return a false boolean.
     */
    function _safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value, bool bubble) private returns (bool success) {
        bytes4 selector = IERC20.approve.selector;

        assembly ("memory-safe") {
            let fmp := mload(0x40)
            mstore(0x00, selector)
            mstore(0x04, and(spender, shr(96, not(0))))
            mstore(0x24, value)
            success := call(gas(), token, 0, 0, 0x44, 0, 0x20)
            // if call success and return is true, all is good.
            // otherwise (not success or return is not true), we need to perform further checks
            if iszero(and(success, eq(mload(0x00), 1))) {
                // if the call was a failure and bubble is enabled, bubble the error
                if and(iszero(success), bubble) {
                    returndatacopy(fmp, 0, returndatasize())
                    revert(fmp, returndatasize())
                }
                // if the return value is not true, then the call is only successful if:
                // - the token address has code
                // - the returndata is empty
                success := and(success, and(iszero(returndatasize()), gt(extcodesize(token), 0)))
            }
            mstore(0x40, fmp)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.4.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Errors} from "./Errors.sol";

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
     */
    error AddressEmptyCode(address target);

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        if (address(this).balance < amount) {
            revert Errors.InsufficientBalance(address(this).balance, amount);
        }

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
     * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
     * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
     * {Errors.FailedCall} error.
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        if (address(this).balance < value) {
            revert Errors.InsufficientBalance(address(this).balance, value);
        }
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
     * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {Errors.FailedCall}) in case
     * of an unsuccessful call.
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
            // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
            if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
            }
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or with a default {Errors.FailedCall} error.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {Errors.FailedCall}.
     */
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            assembly ("memory-safe") {
                revert(add(returndata, 0x20), mload(returndata))
            }
        } else {
            revert Errors.FailedCall();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.4.0) (interfaces/IERC1363.sol)

pragma solidity >=0.6.2;

import {IERC20} from "./IERC20.sol";
import {IERC165} from "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @title IERC1363
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-1363 standard as defined in the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1363[ERC-1363].
 *
 * Defines an extension interface for ERC-20 tokens that supports executing code on a recipient contract
 * after `transfer` or `transferFrom`, or code on a spender contract after `approve`, in a single transaction.
 */
interface IERC1363 is IERC20, IERC165 {
    /*
     * Note: the ERC-165 identifier for this interface is 0xb0202a11.
     * 0xb0202a11 ===
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferAndCall(address,uint256)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferAndCall(address,uint256,bytes)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferFromAndCall(address,address,uint256)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('transferFromAndCall(address,address,uint256,bytes)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('approveAndCall(address,uint256)')) ^
     *   bytes4(keccak256('approveAndCall(address,uint256,bytes)'))
     */

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferAndCall(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `to`.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferAndCall(address to, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the allowance mechanism
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param from The address which you want to send tokens from.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferFromAndCall(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the allowance mechanism
     * and then calls {IERC1363Receiver-onTransferReceived} on `to`.
     * @param from The address which you want to send tokens from.
     * @param to The address which you want to transfer to.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be transferred.
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `to`.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function transferFromAndCall(address from, address to, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens and then calls {IERC1363Spender-onApprovalReceived} on `spender`.
     * @param spender The address which will spend the funds.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be spent.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function approveAndCall(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens and then calls {IERC1363Spender-onApprovalReceived} on `spender`.
     * @param spender The address which will spend the funds.
     * @param value The amount of tokens to be spent.
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `spender`.
     * @return A boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded unless throwing.
     */
    function approveAndCall(address spender, uint256 value, bytes calldata data) external returns (bool);
}

File 8 of 11 : Errors.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.1.0) (utils/Errors.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Collection of common custom errors used in multiple contracts
 *
 * IMPORTANT: Backwards compatibility is not guaranteed in future versions of the library.
 * It is recommended to avoid relying on the error API for critical functionality.
 *
 * _Available since v5.1._
 */
library Errors {
    /**
     * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
     */
    error InsufficientBalance(uint256 balance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
     */
    error FailedCall();

    /**
     * @dev The deployment failed.
     */
    error FailedDeployment();

    /**
     * @dev A necessary precompile is missing.
     */
    error MissingPrecompile(address);
}

File 9 of 11 : IERC20.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.4.0) (interfaces/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity >=0.4.16;

import {IERC20} from "../token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

File 10 of 11 : IERC165.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.4.0) (interfaces/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity >=0.4.16;

import {IERC165} from "../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.4.0) (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity >=0.4.16;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC-165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[ERC].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[ERC section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

Settings
{
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    "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/=dependencies/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/contracts/",
    "forge-std/=lib/forge-std/src/",
    "openzeppelin-foundry-upgrades/=lib/openzeppelin-foundry-upgrades/src/",
    "ds-test/=dependencies/openzeppelin-contracts/lib/forge-std/lib/ds-test/src/",
    "erc4626-tests/=dependencies/openzeppelin-contracts/lib/erc4626-tests/",
    "halmos-cheatcodes/=dependencies/openzeppelin-contracts/lib/halmos-cheatcodes/src/",
    "openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/=dependencies/openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/",
    "openzeppelin-contracts/=dependencies/openzeppelin-contracts/"
  ],
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": false,
    "runs": 200
  },
  "metadata": {
    "useLiteralContent": false,
    "bytecodeHash": "ipfs",
    "appendCBOR": true
  },
  "outputSelection": {
    "*": {
      "*": [
        "evm.bytecode",
        "evm.deployedBytecode",
        "devdoc",
        "userdoc",
        "metadata",
        "abi"
      ]
    }
  },
  "evmVersion": "cancun",
  "viaIR": true
}

Contract Security Audit

Contract ABI

API
[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"_initialOwner","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"_usdc","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"inputs":[],"name":"FailedCall","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"balance","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"needed","type":"uint256"}],"name":"InsufficientBalance","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnableInvalidOwner","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"account","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnableUnauthorizedAccount","type":"error"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"token","type":"address"}],"name":"SafeERC20FailedOperation","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ZeroAddress","type":"error"},{"inputs":[],"name":"ZeroAmount","type":"error"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"buyer","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"timestamp","type":"uint256"}],"name":"CreditsPurchased","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"previousOwner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"newOwner","type":"address"}],"name":"OwnershipTransferred","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"token","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"recipient","type":"address"}],"name":"Withdrawn","type":"event"},{"inputs":[],"name":"owner","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"purchaseCredits","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"renounceOwnership","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"newOwner","type":"address"}],"name":"transferOwnership","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"usdc","outputs":[{"internalType":"contract IERC20","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"token","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"address","name":"recipient","type":"address"}],"name":"withdraw","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"stateMutability":"payable","type":"receive"}]

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Deployed Bytecode

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Constructor Arguments (ABI-Encoded and is the last bytes of the Contract Creation Code above)

0000000000000000000000002af8fdada65c88e62561d2680ceae9578c187669000000000000000000000000af88d065e77c8cc2239327c5edb3a432268e5831

-----Decoded View---------------
Arg [0] : _initialOwner (address): 0x2AF8FdadA65c88E62561d2680cEaE9578c187669
Arg [1] : _usdc (address): 0xaf88d065e77c8cC2239327C5EDb3A432268e5831

-----Encoded View---------------
2 Constructor Arguments found :
Arg [0] : 0000000000000000000000002af8fdada65c88e62561d2680ceae9578c187669
Arg [1] : 000000000000000000000000af88d065e77c8cc2239327c5edb3a432268e5831


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